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Portfolio Study Deliverable
Employment in the construction industry continues to grow as legislation, such as the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act1 (IJA), and overall economic trends create increased demand for construction workers (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2023). This anticipated growth and ongoing expansion of the construction industry may serve as an opportunity to build a more representative and equitable construction workforce.
This brief, produced under the Apprenticeship Evidence-Building and Administrative Data Research and Analysis portfolios of studies, examines the participation of women and people of color (i.e., people who are not white) in construction apprenticeships to understand whether the underrepresentation of these groups in construction is reproduced in the apprenticeship system.
This brief, produced under the Apprenticeship Evidence-Building and Administrative Data Research and Analysis portfolios of studies, examines how the rates of utilization for women and people of color differ between onsite construction (i.e., boilermakers, brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, carpenters, carpet installers, etc.), and similar occupations (i.e., forest and conservation technicians, landscaping and groundskeeping work
Secondary data analysis
Theses appendices to the Onsite Construction Workforce Utilization by Sex and Race/Ethnicity Research Brief, produced under the Apprenticeship Evidence-Building and Administrative Data Research and Analysis portfolios of studies, summarize the methodology the study team used to estimate the pro
Secondary data analysis
In 2022, the Chief Evaluation Office (CEO) partnered with the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) to fund contractors Westat Insight (formerly Insight Policy Research) and Urban Institute to conduct the Study of Occupations and Skills Related to Occupations in Construction under the Administrative Data Research and Analysis and Apprenticeship Evidence-Building portfolios of studies.
In 2022, the Chief Evaluation Office (CEO) partnered with the Wage and Hour Division to fund contractor Westat to conduct the National Worker Survey project. This survey is intended to gather data to understand the prevalence and nature of violations of workers’ rights under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), with a focus on wages, pay, and hours worked, as well as other topics.
Survey
Adult workers, Children and Youth, Contracted Workers, Dislocated Workers, Farmworkers, Federal Contractors, Federal Employees, Healthcare Workers, Incarcerated or Formerly Incarcerated, Migrant and Seasonal Workers, Older Workers, Temporary Workers, Veterans, Women, Workers in Contingent and Alternative Arrangements, Workers with Disabilities
In 2019, the Chief Evaluation Office’s Evaluation Technical Support contract, implemented by Manhattan Strategy Group, partnered with the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research to conduct a two-part paper series on trends in contingent work and alternative work arrangements in the United States under the Evaluation Technical Support portfolio of studies. The analysis describes the characteristics of workers in these arrangements, and the implications of these arrangements for worker outcomes.
Secondary data analysis
Contracted Workers
The Contingent Worker Supplement (CWS) to the Current Population Survey (CPS), fielded six times between 1995 and 2017, was designed to measure jobs that were temporary in nature as well as work arrangements thought to be associated with less commitment between workers and employers. The latter includes independent contractor and platform work, temporary help and other intermediated contract work arrangements, and on-call work, which captures a certain type of unpredictable work schedule.
Secondary data analysis
Contracted Workers
Alternative Work Arrangements (AWAs) are contract forms commonly associated with less attachment, lower wages, and fewer worker benefits. Even though AWAs are theoretically cheaper for firms, they continue to account for only 10% of employment. The researcher explores why AWAs are not more widely used, given their purported economic benefit for firms. Legal rules suggest that while AWAs have lower fixed costs of employment, they may be less productive than standard employment and likely attract lower-type workers.
Secondary data analysis
Worker Protection, Labor Standards, and Workplace-Related Benefits, Employer Compliance – Wages and Earnings
Contracted Workers
The minimum wage is one of the most researched areas in labor economics with a vast body of literature that dates back nearly seventy years (Brown 1999). Research proliferated as variation in state minimum wage policies gained steam over the last several decades. However, research, debate and policy has largely ignored the lesser known subminimum wage received by tipped workers (also referred to as the tipped or cash wage). That there are two federal wage floors is unknown to many and the existence of the federal subminimum wage—at $2.13 since 1991—often comes as a bit of a surprise.