Judges' Benchbook: Alien Labor Certification

Office of Administrative Law Judges
United States Department of Labor

Second Edition - May 1992

CHAPTER 19 - SUPPLEMENT

Supplement current through January 1997

REBUTTAL


Return to Main Text .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Requirement that employer rebut all NOF findings

II. Timeliness of rebuttal

III. Requests for extension

I. Requirement that employer rebut all NOF findings

A. Admission based on failure to address NOF finding

Failure to address a deficiency noted in the NOF supports a denial of labor certification. Reliable Mortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993); Korean anpower Dev., Inc. , 93-INA-121 (Mar. 21, 1994)(failure to provide specific evidence that Master's degree normally required by other institutions and employer); Prace Fabrication Corp. , 93-INA-179 (Mar. 1994)(failure to respond to CO's request for documentation of ability to offer full-time employment); Bradley Scott Halfon and Stacy Halfon , 93- INA-167 (Mar. 28, 1994)(employer's admit failure to address issue regarding improper placement of advertisement); Two Bros. Serv. Center , 93-INA-39 (Feb. 22, 1994)(failure to address rejection of U.S. workers); Population Council , 93-INA-59 (Jan. 24, 1994); Dr. & Mr. Craig Fabrikant , 91-INA-305 (Dec. 20, 1993); Paragon Computer Professions, Inc. , 92-INA-306 (Nov. 18, 1993); E. Davis, Inc. , 92-INA-277 (Aug. 4, 1993) (employer failed to address challenge to its rejection of U.S. workers); Samir El-Kabani , 91-INA-358 (Aug. 2, 1993) (failure to address challenge to live-in requirement); Oscar Basso , 92-INA-173 (May 28, 1993) (employer failed to address challenge to live-in requirement); China Town Planning Council, Inc. , 92-INA-247 (Apr. 28, 1993); North Dakota State Univ. , 92-INA-84 (Feb. 23, 1993); Fritzlang, Inc. , 91-INA-50 (Feb. 3, 1993) (employer's assertion that an applicant was later unavailable does not cure rejection where Employer failed to rebut the CO's finding that the financial management experience requirement was unduly restrictive); Mr. & Mrs. Herrick , 91-INA-398 (Feb. 1, 1993); A.M.S. Associates , 91-INA-313 (Jan. 6, 1993); Electronic Dev. Corp. , 91-INA-343 (Dec. 16, 1992); Salibello & Broder , 91-INA-256 (Dec. 2, 1992); C. Luppono Developer , 92-INA-252 (Dec. 8, 1993)(employer failed to respond to the CO's request for clarification of the outdoor work requirement not listed on ETA 750A as requirement); Nick Libretto, Inc. , 91-INA-79 (Sept. 1, 1992) (employer failed to provide information on whether its employees were engaged in full-time, permanent work as landscapers); 24 Hour Fuel Oil Corp. , 90-INA-589 (Aug. 31, 1992); Dharmanidhi Social Serv. , 90-INA-467 (Aug. 4, 1992); FTR Int'l, Inc ., 91-INA-183 (July 16, 1992); T & H Enter., Inc ., 90-INA-458 (July 14, 1992); Burlington Air Express , 90-INA-464 (May 18, 1992); Jacob Orphali, .D. , 91-INA-59 (May 4, 1992); Brusatory Heating and Cooling , 90-INA-445 (Apr. 30, 1992) (applying a Madeleine S. Bloom analysis for failure to amend a newspaper advertisement to delete an unduly restrictive job requirement); Mark Austin , 91-INA-158 (Mar. 26, 1992); Olympian Mortgage Group, Inc. , 91-INA-83 (Mar. 12, 1992); Gandhi Eng'g. P.C. , 90-INA-355 (Mar. 11, 1992); Technomatix, Inc ., 90-INA-510 (Jan. 31, 1992).

Denial of labor certification proper where employer was advised in the NOF that it must submit a completed ETA-750 listing Alien's past 3 years of employment. Employer's rebuttal, consisting of a statement regarding alien's work experience from 1985-1987, was correctly deemed unresponsive. Gemmel and Associates , 93-INA-482 (Jun. 3, 1994).

Denial of labor certification proper where employer failed to address the defective advertisement issue raised in the NOF. Thompson Pension Employee Plan, Inc. , 93-INA-51 (Jun. 27, 1994).

Denial of labor certification proper where employer failed to address a finding in the NOF. The panel cited to Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989)(en banc), which held that a finding not addressed in rebuttal is deemed admitted. Mr. & Mrs. Mohammad Yusuf , 93-INA-334 (Jul. 22, 1994). See also Ida Lubliner , 93-INA-150 (Sep. 26, 1994); Armrest Security , 93-INA-240 (Nov. 3, 1994); Mr. and Mrs. Sidney R. Siben , 93-INA-236 (Nov. 29, 1994); Memorial Granite , 94-INA-66 (Dec. 23, 1994); J.J. Concrete Cutting , 94-INA-229 (Apr. 13, 1995); Hagopian & Sons, Inc. , 94-INA-178 (May 4, 1995); Martin Lara Plumbing Corp. , 93-INA-274 (Apr. 28, 1995); Dance Trends by Blasia, Inc. , 94-INA-310 (Apr. 24, 1995); Sarah Lynn Sportswear , 94-INA-46 through 94-INA-48 (Apr. 6, 1995); Richard W. Rucker Design Studio , 94-INA-205 (Apr. 26, 1995).

Employer has burden to satisfactorily respond or rebut to all findings in NOF. Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) ( en banc ). Failure to respond where is reasonably possible is grounds for denial Id. All factors not satisfactorily rebutted or not addressed are deemed admitted. Anjana S. Sura , 94-INA-200 (May 30, 1995).

Where employer failed to respond to CO's claim that he had not complied with §686.21(b)(E) - to contact local unions, certification was properly denied because all findings not addressed are deemed admitted. Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989).

Where employer fails to rebut all CO findings in the NOF, labor certification is properly denied. Employer, here, failed to rebut issues concerning good faith efforts to recruit U.S. workers and the unlawful rejection of several applicants. See Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1984) (en banc). Arby's , 94-INA-179 (July 28, 1995).

Citing Our Lady of Guadalupe Sch. , 88-INA-313 (June 2, 1989) and Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) (en banc), the Board in a recent case noted, "the Employer's rebuttal evidence must rebut all the findings of the NOF, and... all findings not rebutted shall be deemed admitted." The Employer had applied for certification for the position of Chef in an Italian restaurant and listed 2 years of experience as a requirement in its application. However, in its advertising, Employer listed a higher experience requirement. In the NOF the CO raised this issue. In rebuttal, Employer stated that the information had been sent to the case worker and it "was the responsibility of...[her] to check for accuracy." In upholding the CO's denial of labor certification, the Board reasoned that employers have the burden of proof in certification applications. This being the case, attempts to "blame" the case worker demonstrate that "Employer does not understand that he bears the burden of proof." The Board last noted that certification was "properly denied for failure to address this issue alone." Giaquinto Family Restaurant , 96-INA-64 (May 15, 1997).

Citing Our Lady of Guadalupe Sch. , 88-INA-313 (June 2, 1989) and Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) (en banc), the Board noted, "the Employer's rebuttal evidence must rebut all the findings of the NOF, and... all findings not rebutted shall be deemed admitted." The Board affirmed the CO's denial of labor certification on the basis that Employer had not adequately responded to 2 basis for denial of certification. One basis was that, although Employer was paying the prevailing wage of an apprentice machinist, its job description fit that of a machinist. The Employer, further, did not state a willingness to increase the wage. The other basis for denial was the unlawful rejection of 2 U.S. applicants. Haller Machine, Inc. , 95-INA-266 (Feb. 6, 1997).

Citing Reliable Mortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993), the Board in a recent case noted, "Failure to address a deficiency in the NOF supports a denial of labor certification." The Board affirmed the CO's denial of labor certification on the basis that Employer had not adequately responded to 2 basis for denial of certification. One basis was that, although Employer was paying the prevailing wage of an apprentice machinist, its job description fit that of a machinist. The Employer, further, did not state a willingness to increase the wage. The other basis for denial was the unlawful rejection of 2.U.S. applicants. Haller Machine, Inc. , 95-INA-266 (Feb. 6, 1997).

Citing Reliable Mortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993), the Board in a recent case noted, "Failure to address a deficiency in the NOF supports a denial of labor certification." In upholding the CO's denial of certification for the position of wood carver, the Board reasoned that Employer had failed to provide requested information concerning the Employer's total number of workers, number of carvers, number of months each carver worked per year, financial volume of business, and copies of contracts for hand carving. Had Employer provided the information, the Board further reasoned, the CO may have had other reasons for denying certification, such as the availability of U.S. workers (The Employer in its Motion for Reconsideration had provided new information stating that Alien had worked as a wood carver for Employer since 1992). But see Judge Huddleston, dissenting. American Stair Builders, Inc. , 95-INA-269 (Feb. 6, 1997).

Citing Reliable Mortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993), the Board in a recent case noted, "Failure to address a deficiency in the NOF supports a denial of labor certification." The Employer had applied for certification for the position of Chef in an Italian restaurant and listed 2 years of experience as a requirement in its application. However, in its advertising, Employer listed a higher experience requirement. In the NOF the CO raised this issue. In rebuttal, Employer stated that the information had been sent to the case worker and it "was the responsibility of...[her] to check for accuracy." In upholding the CO's denial of labor certification, the Board reasoned that employers have the burden of proof in certification applications. This being the case, attempts to "blame" the case worker demonstrate that "Employer does not understand that he bears the burden of proof." The Board last noted that certification was "properly denied for failure to address this issue alone." Giaquinto Family Restaurant , 96-INA-64 (May 15, 1997).

Citing Our Lady of Guadalupe Sch. , 88-INA-313 (June 2, 1989) and Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) (en banc), the Board in a recent case noted, "the Employer's rebuttal evidence must rebut all the findings of the NOF, and... all findings not rebutted shall be deemed admitted." In upholding the CO's denial of certification for the position of wood carver, the Board reasoned that Employer had failed to provide requested information concerning the Employer's total number of workers, number of carvers, number of months each carver worked per year, financial volume of business, and copies of contracts for hand carving. Had Employer provided the information, the Board further reasoned, the CO may have had other reasons for denying certification, such as the availability of U.S. workers (The Employer in its Motion for Reconsideration had provided new information stating that Alien had worked as a wood carver for Employer since 1992. But see Judge Huddleston, dissenting. American Stair Builders, Inc. , 95-INA-269 (Feb. 6, 1997).

Citing Reliable Mortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993), the Board in a recent case noted, "Failure to address a deficiency in the NOF supports a denial of labor certification." The Employer had applied for certification for the position of live-in cook. In the NOF the CO requested Employer to demonstrate the need for the live-in requirement by documenting, among other things the Employer's entertainment schedule. After the CO denied certification the Board affirmed. It reasoned that Employer had not provided the entertainment schedule but instead indicated that no entertaining during the week was contemplated; Employer did not know how long the food preparation would take and justify the need for 3 meals; all 3 meals (including breakfast) were described as needing soup and appetizers; Employer failed to explain the need for lunch when both she and her husband would have to travel 60 blocks daily to eat at home; and the Employers work day ended at 6:00 p.m. "which would allow a cook adequate time to prepare supper even after arriving late in the afternoon." Mrs. Dana Embroz , 95-INA-293 (Dec. 2, 1996).

Citing Our Lady of Guadalupe Sch. , 88-INA-313 (June 2, 1989) and Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) (en banc), the Board noted, "the Employer's rebuttal evidence must rebut all the findings of the NOF, and... all findings not rebutted shall be deemed admitted." The Employer had applied for certification for the position of live-in cook. In the NOF the CO requested Employer to demonstrate the need for the live-in requirement by documenting, among other things the Employer's entertainment schedule. After the CO denied certification the Board affirmed. It reasoned that Employer had not provided the entertainment schedule but instead indicated that no entertaining during the week was contemplated; Employer did not know how long the food preparation would take and justify the need for 3 meals; all 3 meals (including breakfast) were described as needing soup and appetizers; Employer failed to explain the need for lunch when both she and her husband would have to travel 60 blocks daily to eat at home; and the Employers work day ended at 6:00 p.m. "which would allow a cook adequate time to prepare supper even after arriving late in the afternoon." Mrs. Dana Embroz , 95-INA-293 (Dec. 2, 1996).

Employer sought labor certification for the position of "maintenance mechanic," the job duties including, "will inspect and maintain car wash equipment in good working order; [m]ake repairs on . . . machinery." In the NOF, the CO questioned whether a full-time employee was needed for the position, and suggested an independent contractor might be more appropriate. The CO requested documentation of a typical daily schedule for each week of a representative month, the functions performed by the position, the number of employees with job titles and duties, and copies of the lease agreement. As rebuttal, Employer only submitted a letter stating an in-house mechanic was necessary to provide preventative maintenance and to keep the operation running smoothly. The CO denied certification and the Board affirmed. The Board reasoned that "[a]n Employer must provide information concerning the business operation in order to permit the CO to make an informed opinion about the reasonableness of the job requirements." Valley Gas Co. , 95-INA-291 (Dec. 19, 1996).

Employer alleged that he had interviewed one applicant and did not hire him because "he does not have no experience in E.P.D.M., wood shingles or slate shingles." However, the applicant indicated that he had not been contacted and that he was qualified "because I have 20 years experience, there is not a roof that I can't handle." In the NOF, the CO required Employer to explain this discrepancy. The Employer did not submit any rebuttal addressing the discrepancy. The CO denied certification and the Board affirmed. The Board reasoned that failure to address the deficiency supported a denial of labor certification because,"[t]he burden is on Employer to establish that the applicant cannot perform the stated job duties" by providing "an objective, detailed basis for its conclusion" that the applicant was not qualified. See Our Lady of Guadalupe Sch. , 88-INA-313 (June 2, 1989); Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (1989); Reliable ortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321(Aug. 4, 1993). Rafa's Roofing, 95-INA-287 (Dec. 19, 1996).

Where in the NOF the CO found that Employer had not contacted unions for refferels for the position of sewing machine operator and where in rebuttal Employer fails to even mention that finding, then labor certification was properly denied because all findings not rebutted are deemed admitted. See Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) (en banc). Sung Sportswear , 94-INA-235 through 94-INA-239 (May 26, 1995).

Where an employer fails to rebut a finding in the NOF, then labor certification is properly denied. Here, Employer was asked to to document whether Alien had a bachelor's degree at the date of the application because Employer required this for the position of Artist, Teacher. Hudson River Gallery , 94-INA-246 (Jan. 17, 1996). See also C.E.A. Travel Agency , 95-INA-21 (July 24, 1996) (denying certification where the rebuttal arguably failed to address notice of re-advertisement and clearly failed to address the unlawful rejection of U.S. workers).

Where an applicant was rejected for the position of cement mason because he had no experience in "concrete flat work or structural cast in place concrete...must have knowledge of retaining, wall forming and slabs on grade for employment," where CO finds in the NOF that these requirements were not listed on the ETA 750A, where in rebuttal the Employer insists that requirements were in the ETA 750A, then labor certification was properly denied because Employer failed to provide a detailed response concerning how the duties that the applicant was rejected for are the same, or part of the same, duties listed on the ETA 750A. Keiter Constr. Co. , 94-INA-188 (July 17, 1995).

Employer, by failing to rebut the CO's findings in its rebuttal, has admitted the CO's findings. See Belha Corp. , 88-INA-71 (May 5, 1989) (en banc). Mount Sinai Medical Center , 94-INA-109 (June 27, 1995). See also Boris Shmulevich , 95-INA-19 (Aug. 16, 1996) (finding that the Employer inadequately rebutted the NOF where he justified the business necessity of a 2 year requirement for the position of a child tutor by stating that the CO had approved a similar application for certification and by stating that his child requires the utmost attention and care in regards to his educational needs such that the requirement is required); Olympia Convalescent Hosp. , 95-INA-55 (Dec. 27, 1996) (denying certification where, instead of rebutting the NOF, Employer argued and the CO admitted that the CO provided no corrective action to be taken, because Employer made no reasonable efforts to seek clarification); Kenneth G. Yun & Co. , 95-INA-49 (Dec. 3, 1996) (denying certification where Employer failed to document the job related reasons for rejecting an applicant as directed by the CO in the NOF).

All NOF findings not rebutted are deemed admitted. See Reliable ortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993). Employer failed to rebut Co's finding that job opening was not clearly open to U.S. applicants. Sung Sportswear , 94-INA-444 through 447 (Mar. 14, 1996).

All findings not addressed in rebuttal are deemed admitted. See Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) (en banc). The CO specifically requested that Employer explain why the position of cook applied for was not created solely purpose of qualifying Alien for a skilled job rather than an unskilled job. The Board found that request was reasonable and that Employer failed to address it. Pradeep K. Gupta , 94-INA-395 (June 12, 1995).

Employer failed to provide a posting notice that complied with the regulations as required by the CO in the NOF. Certification was denied because failure to address a deficiency noted in the NOF supports a denial of labor certification. See Reliable ortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993). H. Oritsky Inc ., 94-INA-95 through 102, (May 26, 1995).

All NOF findings not rebutted are deemed admitted. See Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) (en banc). The Employer failed to rebut the CO's finding that had rejected U.S. applicants for other than job-related reasons and certification was accordingly properly denied. Sousa & Faria, Inc ., 94-INA-426 (Oct. 3, 1995).

Failure to address a deficiency in the NOF supports a denial of labor certification. See Reliable Mortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993). The CO specifically requested that Employer explain why the position of cook applied for was not created soley purpose of qualifying Alien for a skilled job rather than an unskilled job. The Board found that request was reasonable and that Employer failed to address it. Pradeep K. Gupta , 94-INA-395 (June 12, 1995).

All findings in the NOF not rebutted are deemed admitted. See Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) (en banc). In the NOF, the CO questioned whether Employer full-time and permanent employment for the position of tutor. The Board held that the Employer's evidence, statements made by Employer, failed to adequately document the full-time nature of the Employment. Harkewal's S. Sekhon , 94-INA-463 (Feb. 26, 1996).

Failure to address a deficiency noted in the NOF supports a denial of labor certification. See Reliable Mortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993). In the NOF, the CO questioned whether Employer full-time and permanent employment for the position of tutor. The Board held that the Employer's evidence, statements made by Employer, failed to adequately document the full-time nature of the Employment. Harkewal's S. Sekhon , 94-INA-463 (Feb. 26, 1996).

Employer applied for certification for the position of Mechanical Engineer and required a Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering plus 2 years of experience in the job offered. The CO denied certification both on the basis that the Master's Degree was unduly restrictive and on the basis that Employer had failed to provide information requested by the CO concerning the unlawful rejection of 1 applicant. The Employer had rejected 1 applicant on the basis that he had no Master's Degree even though he was otherwise qualified. On appeal, the Board reasoned that Employer failed to address the issue of good faith recruitment and consequently, this issue would be deemed admitted. See Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989) (en banc); Salvation Army , 90-INA-434 (Dec. 17, 1991); Michael's Food, Inc. , 90-INA-411 (Nov. 14, 1991). However, the Board remanded the case on the issue of unduly restrictive job requirements. Sidhu Assoc., Inc. , 95-INA-182 (Jan. 2, 1997).

Where CO finds job duties unduly restrictive, and gives Employer opportunity to redraft position and readvertise, and where employer merely adds new duties but does not address underlying issue of unduly restrictive requirements, certification was properly denied. Gutierrez & Company 94-INA-529 (Feb. 26, 1996).

An applicant for the position of "Monitor, Sleep-In, Household," was apparently qualified. In lieu of filing a recruitment report with respect to the applicant, Employer submitted a copy of a letter addressed to the applicant. However, Employer did not indicate whether or when this letter was actually mailed, whether it was returned as undeliverable, and whether any response was received. In the NOF the CO requested additional information concerning this issue. In rebuttal, Employer failed to address this issue. The CO denied certification and the Board affirmed. The Board reasoned that the CO's assertions in the NOF may be deemed admitted because all "`findings in the NOF not rebutted shall be deemed admitted.'" See 20 C.F.R. § 656.25(e)(3) which was cited by the Board. For case law on the subject, see Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989)(en banc). Cristina Clark , 94-INA-508 (Oct. 31, 1996).

Employer filed an application for labor certification for the position of "Elementary School Teacher" and required one year experience in the job offered or in the related occupation of "Teacher." However, Employer omitted the alternative experience in its advertisement for the position in the New York Times . The CO issued a NOF proposing to deny labor certification because the Employer did not include the alternative requirement in its advertising. In its rebuttal, the Employer failed to address this issue. The CO denied certification and the Board affirmed. The Board reasoned that because Employer failed to address the advertising issue in its rebuttal, that issue was admitted because "`all findings in the notice of findings not rebutted shall be deemed admitted.'" See 20 C.F.R. § 6566.25(e)(3). For case law on the subject, see Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989)(en banc). Sacred Heart Sch. , 94-INA-510 (Nov. 14, 1996).

Failure to address a deficiency noted in the in the NOF supported a denial of labor certification for the position of "Maintenance Mechanic" at a car wash business. The CO requested in the NOF that Employer demonstrate that the position was permanent and full-time by documenting the typical daily schedule for each week of a representative 1 month period (including outlining the duties to be performed), by documenting the functions to be performed when the car wash machinery is working normally, by documenting the number of other employees and their duties and by submitting copies of a lease agreement describing the location. The Employer rebutted the NOF by stating that "it is essential to our operation to have an in-house maintenance mechanic in order to avoid frequent breakdowns..." and "[w]hen all the equipment is in working order we expect the mechanic to perform preventative maintenance on the equipment, which should keep him occupied for forty hours per week." In affirming the CO's denial of labor certification, the Board reasoned that an employer must provide requested information concerning the business operations to permit the CO to make an informed opinion about the reasonableness of the job requirements. Here, the Board held that the Employer's statement that the applicant will perform preventative maintenance was too ambiguous in the absence of a definite work schedule to document the necessity of full-time employment. Valley Gas Company , 95-INA-291 (Dec. 19, 1996).

In response to a NOF requesting substantial documentation supporting the need for a full-time chef, Employer submitted a proposed menu, a full explanation of why the current menu did not have Indian dishes (no one available who could prepare them), and a full history of the restaurant, a list of all current employees (something not requested by the CO). Although the Employer did not submit a detailed, third party survey of the business prospects that would support a full-time chef, nonetheless the Employer's intimate knowledge of the restaurant business, his own background in Indian cuisine and traditions and personal knowledge of the demographics of the area in which the business was located appeared to the Board to be more than adequate to determine whether or not a full-time chef would be necessary. The Board reversed the CO's denial of labor certification, reasoning that Employer successfully rebutted the CO's NOF such that the NOF's findings were not admitted. See Our Lady of Guadalupe Sch. , 88 - INA-313 (June 2, 1989); Belha Corp ., 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989)(en banc). Hunter's Inn , 95-INA-278 (Feb. 19, 1997).

Employer failed to respond to the CO's NOF request that Employer return resumes from 3 applicants. Denial of certification is proper because Employer did not respond to issues raised in the NOF, or where Employer did not explain why a resume was not returned. Orland Truck Stop , 94-INA-612 (July 23, 1996).

Where the CO proposed in the NOF to deny Employer's application for alien labor certification due to the unlawful rejection of 3 applicants and where Employer failed to provide any rebuttal in response to the NOF, then, although alien labor certification was denied on other grounds, it would also be denied for failure to rebut the NOF because it is well settled that failure to rebut all the deficiencies cited in the NOF results in denial of labor certification. See Belha Corp. , 88-INA-24 (May 5, 1989)(en banc). Tilden Car Care Center , 95-INA-88 (Jan. 27, 1997)(dictum).

B. Illustrative cases

Employer sought labor certification for the position of live-in cook. The CO issued a NOF proposing to deny certification due to an unduly restrictive live-in requirement. The CO instructed Employer to either amend the application for certification or show business necessity by documenting the number and length of meals prepared daily and weekly. If any of the need for a cook was due to entertaining, Employer was to document the current schedule for entertaining and any previous schedule for entertaining. Duties other than cooking, evidence of prior employment of cooks, any other pertinent information, the children's school schedule, and the parent's schedule also were to be provided by Employer. The Employer responded by documenting a meal schedule, the children's situation and the husband and wife's irregular schedule caused by their joint ownership of a business. Although unable to document a full year's entertainment schedule, Employer did provide specific instances of employment from May though July of 1994. Furthermore, part time workers had not worked out. The CO denied certification, noting that Employer did not document the number of meals prepared daily and weekly and the length of time required for each, a twelve month entertainment schedule, evidence of former full-time cooks, and a detailed study of the parent's work schedule. The Board affirmed the CO's denial of labor certification. It noted that, although standing alone the request for documentation of a full year's entertaining may not be enough to deny certification, the Employer's failure to provide that and other significant information was sufficient cause to deny it. The Board further noted that, self-employed, Employer had a flexible schedule and it failed to demonstrate why a live-in requirement was necessary given the flexibility. Guida Marie Santos Silva , 95-INA-286 (Feb. 6, 1997).

In response to a NOF requesting substantial documentation supporting the need for a full-time chef, Employer submitted a proposed menu, a full explanation of why the current menu did not have Indian dishes (no one available who could prepare them), and a full history of the restaurant, a list of all current employees (something not requested by the CO). Although the Employer did not submit a detailed, third party survey of the business prospects that would support a full-time chef, nonetheless the Employer's intimate knowledge of the restaurant business, his own background in Indian cuisine and traditions and personal knowledge of the demographics of the area in which the business was located appeared to the Board to be more than adequate to determine whether or not a full-time chef would be necessary. The Board reversed the CO's denial of labor certification, reasoning that Employer successfully rebutted the CO's NOF such that the NOF's findings were not admitted. See Reliable Mortgage Consultants , 92-INA-321 (Aug. 4, 1993). Hunter's Inn , 95-INA-278 (Feb. 19, 1997).

The CO issued a NOF proposing to deny the Employer's application for certification for the position of "House Keeper, Live-in." In the NOF the CO requested that the Employer show that the live-in requirement arose from business necessity rather than employer preference by documenting the need for household maintenance, the nature and location of the Employer's business, specific work schedules of adults in the household, list of people who formerly performed the duties required, the children's schedule, and any other information that could establish business necessity. In rebuttal to the NOF, Employer stated that his wife, a nurse, worked irregular 12 hour shifts and also attended Adelphi College when her schedule permitted it. Further, Employer stated, the children attended school from 7:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. daily and attended piano lessons and church school after 4:00 P.M. He, Employer, owned his own business called "F.B.J.S. Enterprises" at Suite 265 Merrick Road in errick, providing maintenance service to home and businesses. The Employer argued that his business required long hours starting at 6:00 A.M. and, that up to present, he attempted several solutions (getting a babysitter, getting food from local restaurants, having someone clean the house, and simply dividing up the time between his wife and him). The CO issued a FD denying certification because the CO found that no business called F.B.J.S. enterprises was listed in errick and because Post Office Box 265 (suite 265 in the Employer's rebuttal) was not listed as a business address. The Employer appealed, including in its request for review the incorporation papers of F.B.J.S. filed a year earlier, a copy of stationary for billing (the address listed was 2055 errick Rd., suite 265 which was an answering service because "his business did not allow much time for these tasks"). The Board reversed the CO's FD and found that the Employer had rebutted the findings in the NOF because the letter of appeal by Employer appeared to explain the CO's error in mistaking the suite number for the Post Office Box number. Frank Basilicata , 95-INA-283 (Feb. 6, 1997).

The burden of proof for establishing labor certification is on Employer. Employer did not rebut the CO's assertion that the job opportunity was for a Cook (SVP 7), rather than for a Cook, Fast Food (SVP 5), because he gave no evidence that the applicant would be performing the duties particular to a Cook. Chuck E. Cheese's , 94-INA-582 (Jul. 19, 1996).

Where (1) Employer's Report of Recruitment stated that applicants for a job tutoring children in Arabic were not qualified due to their dialect, (2) the NOF required Employer to delete dialect as a requirement or justify it as a business necessity, and (3) Employer's rebuttal claimed that rejection was not based on dialect but rather on lack of experience, employer has not met his burden of fully rebutting all NOF findings and certification is properly denied. Albeer Ibrahim, M.D. , 95-INA-05 (Sep. 12, 1996).

C. Inadequate rebuttal resulting from inadequate notice of deficiency

Denial of certification vacated and case remanded where circumstances indicate that employer's rebuttal was timely. Employer's attorney received a copy of the NOF missing the last page and filed a timely rebuttal to what it believed was the complete NOF. Upon discovering that the NOF contained and additional page and an additional issue, counsel submitted additional rebuttal. Considering especially that counsel provided computer records indicating timeliness of this additional rebuttal, the CO should consider the additional rebuttal as timely filed. Carpet USA, Ltd.. , 93-INA-524 (Aug. 25, 1994).

NOF questioned whether the job was Child Monitor or Tutor but focused on the SVP requirements rather than requesting the details of the job duties. Employer's response to SVP issue with arguments about DOT classifications is in good faith but does not rebut the original problem of what the appropriate job title should be. Remanded for issuance of a new NOF. Khalil & Manija Subat , 95-INA-3 (Aug. 30, 1996).

NOF stated that employer must rebut (1) an unduly restrictive job requirement finding by "reducing requirements" or documenting their business necessity and (2) a finding that applicants were unlawfully rejected. Employer reduced requirements but, on the advice of the NYETA, did not rebut the issue of unlawful rejection. Certification was denied on both issues. Remanded for clarification of NOF because employer clearly thought he was in compliance. M.J. Eng'g, P.C. , 94-INA-588 (Jul. 17, 1996).

Because the language of the NOF was ambiguous and instructions from a state agency were contradictory, in addition to the fact that Employer timely filed all documents with the state agency (although they should have been filed with the CO) the case was remanded for the CO's ruling on the merits. Phenix Group, Inc. , 94-INA-601 (Nov. 26, 1996).

II. Timeliness of rebuttal

A. Thirty-five day rule generally; specification of due date

no new cases

B. Calculation of time period

no new cases

C. Opportunity to respond to finding of untimely rebuttal

no new cases

D. Credibility of evidence of timely rebuttal

In order to prove timely mailing of the rebuttal, an employer must present the certified mail receipt, with postmark. A handwritten notation on the receipt is not sufficient, and/or return receipt requested form are not adequate proof of timely mailing. Andrea Foods , 94-INA-309 (Sep. 21, 1994). See also Vicki izell , 94-INA-488 (Sep. 21, 1994); Hankins & Tegenborg, LTD. , 94-INA-600 (Sep. 23, 1994)(hand dated certified mail receipt not adequate, objective evidence of date of mailing); Disc , 94-INA-489 (Nov. 30, 1994)(applying the standards discussed in Andrea Foods and Vicki Mizell to employer's request for extension of time within which to request review).

Where employer contends that attorney submitted additional timely rebuttal evidence and employer supplied copy of such evidence along with certified mail receipts documenting timeliness in its request for review, case remanded for CO to consider that evidence. Computer Horizons Corp. , 93-INA-506 (Sep. 26 1994).

E. Mailing of rebuttal material to state agency

Submission of advertisement tearsheet requested by CO to the state job service rather than the CO does not amount to harmless error and certification was properly denied. Korean Broadcasting Co. , 93-INA-72 (May 4, 1994).

The fact that rebuttal evidence is mailed to the state job service rather than to the CO will not result in the tolling of the deadline as the CO's address is clearly stated in the NOF. Equitable Ins. Co. , 91-INA-32 (Mar. 20, 1992). See also Global Software, Inc. , 89-INA-157 (May 27, 1992). Likewise, a request for an extension of time mistakenly sent to the state job service is untimely. Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher , 91-INA-279 (Mar. 23, 1992).

Employer sought labor certification for the position of Import-Export Agent. In its recruitment efforts, Employer failed to advertise in a publication most likely to bring responses from US workers. In the NOF, the CO required that Employer readvertise in an ethnic publication and allowed Employer to request additional time in which to respond to the NOF. The employer did not request additional time. Employer's rebuttal was submitted over 45 days late and was erroneously sent to the State employment office. Employer's counsel stated that it was counsel's fault for the late filing. The Board held that submission of an untimely rebuttal as a result of delay or oversight will not support a tolling of the regulatory deadline, even when the delay results from circumstances beyond Employer's control, when Employer could have requested an extension of time prior to passage of the rebuttal deadline. Counsel's admission did not explain the 45-day delay in submitting the rebuttal to the State, or failing to submit a request for an extension of time. International Freight Serv. & Trading Corp ., 93-INA-194 (July 17, 1995).

F. Failure to provide notice of change of address

no new cases

G. Consequences of failure to file timely rebuttal

Employer sought labor certification for the position of "Produce Section anager" in a grocery store. The Alien listed his experience as a "Produce Section anager" at another grocery store. The California Employment Development Department (EDD) failed to find records that the previous Employer paid Alien, and instructed the Employer to add any additional employment indicating that he met the required 2 years of experience for the position. The CO in the NOF dated November 19, 1993 proposed to deny labor certification because it did not appear that Alien possessed the experience required of U.S. workers. The CO requested documentation as to why it was not feasible to hire someone with less than 2 years experience after new records demonstrated that Employer had reported paying wages to the employee. The Employer failed to respond before June 6, 1994. The Board affirmed the CO's dismissing of the application The Board declined to excuse the Employer's failure to file a timely rebuttal. It reasoned that there would be no manifest injustice because the Employer was given the opportunity to correct the deficiencies in its application by EDD even before the NOF was issued and, given that Employer did not cure the deficiencies then, the Board has no reason to believe that it was capable of doing so in response to the NOF. Millers Marketplace, 95-INA-104 (Jan. 28, 1997)

1. Regulatory provision

Labor certification was properly denied where Employer filed rebuttal after the 35 day deadline with no excuses or justification offered. Euroden , 92-INA-246 (June 2, 1993). See also , Metro Software, Inc. , 93-INA-478 (Mar. 31, 1994).

Employer's counsel argued that Employer never received the NOF proposing to deny labor certification for the position of "Produce Section Manager." The Employer argued that, since the CO had remanded the case to the California Employment Development Department (EDD) on October 29, 1993 because the file did not contain a letter sent by the EDD to Employer explaining that it had no records of the Alien's wages at a "Green's Market," (claimed by Alien as a past employer), since that letter was transmitted via fax to the CO per his request on November 16, 1993 (Employer argued that this was evidenced by a fax cover letter dated November 16), and since the CO issued the NOF proposing to deny labor certification on November 19, 1993, that the CO never had enough time to issue the NOF. The Board affirmed the dismissal of the case. It reasoned that, based on the imprint at the bottom of the fax transmittal and not the fax cover letter, the letter was received by the CO on November 12, 1993 and not November 16, 1993. In addition, there was no evidence that the NOF was improperly delivered. The Board assigned "little weight" to the Employer's contention that Employer never received the NOF due to the serious questions raised about the truth of the ETA 750A&B (see above where the EDD found no evidence that the Alien had been paid by a listed past employer), and the Board refused to consider Employer credible. Millers Marketplace, 95-INA-104 (Jan. 28, 1997)

2. Authority of Board to review denial based on late rebuttal

no new cases

3. Manifest injustice standard, generally

See West Virginia Inst. of Technology , 94-INA-146 (July 14, 1995).

a. Madeleine S. Bloom

(1) Regulatory deadlines may be tolled in those instances where not doing so would result in manifest injustice. (2) Board may toll deadlines for a more orderly transaction of business. American Farm Lines v. Black Ball Freight Service, et al. , 397 U.S. 532, 90 S.Ct. 1288 (1970) (3) Board has never favored denial of certification on purely technical grounds. H.B.M. Constr./Dev. , 88-INA-539 (Jan. 31, 1990). Kleinfeld Bridal Shop , 94-INA-31 (June 28, 1995)(en banc).

Employer sought labor certification for the position of Import-Export Agent. In its recruitment efforts, Employer failed to advertise in a publication most likely to bring responses from US workers. In the NOF, the CO required that Employer readvertise in an ethnic publication and allowed Employer to request additional time in which to respond to the NOF. The employer did not request additional time. Employer's rebuttal was submitted over 45 days late and was erroneously sent to the State employment office. Employer's counsel stated that it was counsel's fault for the late filing. The Board held that submission of an untimely rebuttal as a result of delay or oversight will not support a tolling of the regulatory deadline, even when the delay results from circumstances beyond Employer's control, when Employer could have requested an extension of time prior to passage of the rebuttal deadline. Counsel's admission did not explain the 45-day delay in submitting the rebuttal to the State, or failing to submit a request for an extension of time. International Freight Serv. & Trading Corp ., 93-INA-194 (July 17, 1995).

The requirement that the rebuttal be submitted within 35 calendar days of the date of the notice of findings is neither jurisdictional nor unwaivable and the deadline can be tolled in rare instances in which extraordinary relief was necessary to avoid manifest injustice. See Madeleine S. Bloom , 88-INA-152 (Oct. 13, 1989) (en banc). The Employer requested an extension of time in which to file a rebuttal and was granted an extension until November 1. On November 5, Employer sent a copy of an advertisement to the CO, indicating that it had previously been erroneously sent to the state employment agency. The CO denied certification and the Board affirmed. The Board reasoned that the Board does not apply tolling provisions to situations involving readvertising and mailing the rebuttal to the state agency rather than the CO was not a basis for tolling the deadline. Susan Lanser , 94-INA-412 (Oct. 12, 1995).

b. Strict construction of Bloom

Manifest injustice would only obtain upon a showing of some egregious conduct beyond mere attorney negligence or administrative oversight. See Park Woodworking, Inc. , 90-INA-93 (Jan. 29, 1992) (en banc). The Employer requested an extension of time in which to file a rebuttal and was granted an extension until November 1. On November 5, Employer sent a copy of an advertisement to the CO, indicating that it had previously been errroneously sent to the state employment agency. The CO denied certification and the Board affirmed. The Board reasoned that the Board does not apply tolling provisions to situations involving readvertising and mailing the rebuttal to the state agency rather than the CO was not a basis for tolling the deadline. Susan Lanser , 94-INA-412 (Oct. 12, 1995).

Most of the information which explained the Employer's business necessity was not presented to the CO or not presented clearly to the CO. In affirming the denial of labor certification, the Board held that "the time limit for filing of rebuttal is construed strictly by the Board in order to assure clarity and consistency in the application of the rebuttal requirements of § 656.25. Trim Aire Aviation, Inc. , 95-INA-396 (Dec. 4, 1996).

c. Illustrative cases

i. Post Park Woodworking decisions

In the following untimely rebuttal cases, Employer failed to establish that manifest injustice would result for failure to toll the 35 day deadline to file rebuttal:

The rebuttal deadline not tolled simply because rebuttal only one day late. oreover, counsel's excuse that confusion created by working out of two offices cause the delay insufficient to meet manifest injustice standard. Caci, Inc. - Fed. , 94-INA-15 (Jun. 27, 1994).

Employer asserted that the rebuttal letter was timely filed as it was dated prior to the expiration of the rebuttal deadline. However, the certified mail receipt was not postmarked until after the deadline had passed. Condor Driving Sch. , 91-INA-64 (May 5, 1992).

Rebuttal sent to an incorrect address will not toll the deadline as the NOF clearly set forth the CO's address and "it is incumbent upon Employer to submit rebuttal documentation at the listed address." Miles Bros. & Co. , 91-INA-48 (May 1, 1992).

The employer's counsel asserted that the regulatory deadline was missed to due his "military obligations" yet he failed to document that such obligations were unexpected, of excessive duration, or that they occurred prior to issuance of the NOF such that he did not know of the rebuttal deadline. Anthony N. Lopez , 90-INA-420 (Mar. 31, 1992).

Submission of an untimely rebuttal "as a result of a delay in obtaining tear sheets as well as an oversight in calendaring the rebuttal deadline" will not support a finding that the regulatory deadline should be tolled. The panel noted that, although the delay in obtaining the tear sheets may have beyond Employer's control, it should have requested an extension of time prior to passage of the rebuttal deadline. Harry & Kim Kaczor , 90-INA-288 (Mar. 31, 1992). Seealso Modern Wheels , 90-INA-390 (Mar. 31, 1992); Raj Kapoor , 93-INA-536 (Feb. 8, 1994)(inadvertence by counsel).

The fact that Employer was not represented by counsel at the time it filed the untimely rebuttal will not result in the tolling of the deadline. Empire Pump & Motor Corp. , 90-INA-588 (Mar. 20, 1992).

The deadline is not tolled because rebuttal is filed one day late as "[t]he standard in Bloom does not address the mere fact that rebuttal documentation is filed late; rather, it addresses the circumstances surrounding the late filing which, in Bloom , resulted in a manifest injustice." Rayonier C&C Ltd. , 90-INA-339 (Mar. 20, 1992).

Failure to file a rebuttal will result in a denial of labor certification. Harbor Bay Indus. Clinic , 91-INA-170 (July 9, 1992).

The rebuttal deadline, which was extended by the CO, was not tolled where Employer asserted that it "continued working with the state agency in good faith to correct the deficiencies noted in the NOF." The panel determined that it was incumbent upon Employer to advise the CO of the status of its recruitment efforts prior to expiration of the extended . . . deadline." Global Software, Inc. , 89-INA-157 (May 27, 1992).

The rebuttal deadline was not tolled where Employer's new counsel asserted that the delay in the submission ofrebuttal documentation was due to the incompetence of the employer's "agent" who previously represented Employer in the labor certification process. Cristina cGinniss , 91-INA-191 (June 30, 1992).

The rebuttal deadline was not tolled where counsel for Employer merely asserted that he "had to search for records which were over a year old" and the employer's "record keeping system was a mess . . .." Panson Electronics , 92-INA-163 (Dec. 11, 1992).

Labor certification was properly denied where employer's counsel asserted that he submitted a timely extension request by regular mail and, therefore, should be permitted to file a rebuttal. Because the request was not filed via certified mail, Employer could not document such a timely filing and labor certification was properly denied. Gabai Constr., Inc. , 92-INA-335 (Aug. 17, 1993); See also Casa De Montessori , 92-INA-105 (Jan. 5, 1994)(no tolling where there is no independent documentation of timely rebuttal and no egregious conduct shown); Comprehensive Specialists Medical , 91-INA-370 (Jan. 14, 1994)(employer chose not to follow the certified mail procedures specified in the regulation); Rolando Tamayo , 93-INA-96 (Feb. 8, 1994).

The rebuttal deadline was not tolled where Employer failed to submit a timely extension request because it "assumed" that the CO and State job service were communicating with each other regarding the processing of the labor certification application. Ed Moger, Jr. , 92-INA-387 (Aug. 17, 1993).

Labor certification was properly denied where the employer failed to submit the posting notice with its recruitment report. The panel noted that, even though the posting notice was the only documentation lacking, "under the Board's holding in Park Woodworking , this case lacks the egregious conduct needed to toll a regulatory deadline." Michael Sussman , 93-INA-200 (Aug. 17, 1993).

Labor Certification was properly denied where the employer filed a second extension request which was denied by the CO and it merely asserted that it " would have submitted rebuttal documentation had it known the second extension request was to be denied." The panel concluded that Employer improperly relied on "the granting of a discretionary extension." Blood Center of South Eastern Wisconsin , 93-INA-29 (Aug. 17, 1993).

That employer's counsel did not receive an answer to employer's second extension request and that the employer out of town tending her sick mother when rebuttal due did not establish manifest injustice. Marie Hume , 93-INA-317 (Jul. 18, 1994).

Where attorney, without consulting employer, submitted rebuttal evidence failing to address one of the two deficiencies cited in the NOF, such actions, while arguably negligent, do not constitute the of egregious conduct required by Park Woodworking . Andin International, Inc. , 94-INA-128 (Dec. 5, 1994).
The denial of labor certification was reversed where Employer addressed its rejection of three U.S. applicants in its timely rebuttal and, after issuance of the FD, Employer submitted documentation of its interviews of these applicants with a reconsideration request. The panel concluded that the interview letters clearly evidenced that the applicants were not qualified for the job as maintained by Employer's rebuttal and "failure to enclose the three interview records with the rebuttal was harmless error" and "[i]t would inflict a manifest injustice . . . not to grant Employer equitable relief in this case." Fine Painting and Decorating Co. , 92-INA-391 (July 30, 1992).

Labor certification properly denied for failure to file timely rebuttal to second NOF. In a per curiam decision the Board dismissed Employer's contention that so long as it adequately rebutted the first NOF, its failure to timely rebut the second NOF should not be counted against it. The Board found that the CO did not erroneously issue the second NOF and therefore, employer's failure to file a timely rebuttal is not excused based on manifest injustice. Tutu Park, LTD. , 93-INA-202 (Feb. 8, 1994).

ii. Pre Park Woodworking decisions

no new cases

d. Untimely rebuttal resulting from inadequate notice of deficiency

Case remanded to the CO for a determination of whether Employer established non-receipt of the NOF and whether there is an adequate showing to justify acceptance of otherwise untimely rebuttal. Jasco Window Corp. , 93-INA-266 (Sep. 29, 1994).

After The CO denied certification based on the Unlawful rejection of a U.S. applicant, the Employer filed a "Reply to the Final Determination" in 1 recent case. The "reply" provided additional justifications for the rejection of the applicant. Citing Buena Vista Landscape , 90-INA-392 (Mar. 5, 1991) and Madeleine S. Bloom , 88-INA-152 (Dec. 20, 1989) (en banc), the Board remanded the case. The Board reasoned that the Reply complied with an order in the NOF which required to state with specificity the lawful, job related reasons for the rejection. Moreover, the Board noted that it may have been difficult to understand the CO's directions in the NOF. The Board reasoned that the Claimant's apparent failure to understand and act on the CO's NOF instructions would result in an injustice even though the denial of this application based on Employer's failure to rebut was within the discretion of the CO..." Given the above, the Board treated the "reply" as a timely motion for reconsideration that introduced new evidence. Palo Alto Elec. Motor Corp. , 95-INA-249 (Feb. 3, 1997).

4. Relationship between abuse of discretion standard and manifest injustice standard

no new cases

III. Requests for extension

A. Authority of CO to grant extension when good cause is shown

The Board, per curiam, affirmed the CO's denial of certification where Employer submitted a second request for an extension of time within which to submit rebuttal one day after the end of the rebuttal period. Citing to Rayonier C & C Ltd. , 90- INA-339 (Mar. 20, 1992), the Board stated that the deadline for filing rebuttal materials is not tolled simply because the rebuttal is filed one day late. Moreover, application of that rule extends to the submissions of requests for extension of time in which to file rebuttal. Mr. M. Osman Siddique , 94-INA- 145 (Apr. 21, 1994). See also San Bernardino County Superintendent of Sch. , 94-INA-175 (Apr. 21, 1994); West Virginia Univ. , 93-INA-198 (May 24, 1994)(where employer never received notification that request for extension was granted, it is Employer's obligation to check with CO and it cannot merely assume that request is granted); Snow White Property Management , 94-INA-476 (Apr. 6, 1995)(employer failed to request second extension in writing prior to expiration of previously extended rebuttal period).

A panel concluded that the CO did not abuse her discretion by denying employer's request for an extension of time to submit rebuttal where the rebuttal only needed to address the rejection of one U.S. worker and employer requested the extension with ten days remaining to complete and file such evidence. Judy Roberts Productions , 94-INA-113 (Nov. 10, 1994).

The panel concluded that emloyer's statement on rebuttal, that it would "submit . . . very shortly" evidence requested by the CO, is not equivalent to a request for an extension of time to file complete rebuttal. Dr. & Mrs. Craig Fabrikant , 91-INA-305 (Dec. 20, 1993).

The CO properly denied an extension request filed one day prior to termination of the rebuttal period where Employer offered no reasons in support of the extension. The panel further noted that the employer's argument in its appeal brief that two holidays interrupted the rebuttal period did not support the granting of an extension. Joanne Carma , 90-INA-462 (Aug. 19, 1992)

Labor certification was properly denied where Employer filed an untimely request for an extension of time contending only that the employer's absence from home during part of the rebuttal period as well as Employer's "inefficient message system" warranted an extension of the rebuttal deadline. Joe and Pepper Edmiston , 90-INA-519 (Nov. 30, 1992).

A panel concluded that the CO properly denied a request for an extension of time to submit additional rebuttal evidence "given the vague and insufficient basis which Employer's representative provided." C Town Supermarkets , 92-INA-26 (Mar. 2, 1993).

The CO did not abuse his discretion in denying a request for an extension of time in which to file rebuttal to a second NOF. The panel noted that the second NOF raised the same allegation s as the first NOF, for which Employer filed a timely rebuttal, and afforded the employer a "further opportunity to cure the deficiencies" and the only additional challenges where to a pre-employment examination of applicants and the alien's qualifications to perform the job. Soar Corp. , 90-INA-525 (Dec. 1, 1992).

The CO did not abuse his discretion in denying a timely extension request which was filed one week prior to expiration of the rebuttal deadline but where Employer offered "no specific reason for the request." Deloitte & Touche , 91-INA-31 (Dec. 11, 1992).

An employer who lets a deadline pass on the assumption that the extension will be granted does so at its own risk. See West Virginia Univ. , 93-INA-198 (May 24, 1994). Here, Employer waited until the night before the rebuttal was due in order to request an extension. After a DOL specialist determined that counsel's dactual basis for requesting the extension was incorrect, the COwas justified in denying the request. Gianni Leatherwear , 94-INA-184 (May 25, 1995). See also Commerce Truck Stop , 95-INA-26 (July 12, 1995) (denying certification where Employer merely stated that it needed some time to prepare the documents to rebutt the notice of findings in support of its request for an extension of time but where Employer cited no extenuating circumstances in supoprt of the request).

B. Abuse of discretion standard

The CO did not abuse his discretion in denying employer's request for a second extension where Employer merely repeated, verbatim, the grounds in its first request and cited no extenuating circumstances, nor indicated that it was engaged in action that would properly rebut the NOF. Clinica Dental , 94-INA-481 (May 8, 1995).

Employer who lets a deadline pass on the assumption that the extension will be granted does so at its own risk. ( West Virginia Univ. , 93-INA-198). Gianni Leatherwear , 94-INA-184 (May 25, 1995)

1. CO may not ignore facts and explanations

The CO improperly denied labor certification where the employer offered to correct the prevailing wage rate within 35 days of the NOF but did not engage in re-recruitment within the rebuttal period. The employer asserted that she was "managing a business left as her responsibility when her first husband died after a twelve-week terminal illness" and, during the rebuttal stage, "her husband's need for emergency surgery required her to be away from her office for five weeks." The case was remanded to permit the employer to conduct re-recruitment with the correct prevailing wage. ML Tape Duplicating , 90-INA-577 (Apr. 30, 1992).

The CO erred in denying an extension request where, although Employer failed to initiate corrective measures for deficiencies cited by the CO as quickly as desired, such measures were begun within the rebuttal period and a timely extension request was filed. The employer stated it could not complete the process within the allotted 35 days given the "busy travel schedule of the president". Consequently, the panel remanded the case to permit the employer to submit its rerecruitment results. Star Image Productions, Inc ., 91-INA-182 (July 28, 1992).

The CO improperly denied a timely extension request where Employer had to obtain documentation from other companies, a factor beyond its control. Dixlin Plastics , 90-INA-524 (Dec. 2, 1992).

The CO abused his discretion in denying an extension request solely on grounds that it was filed on the last day of the rebuttal period. International Paper , 91-INA-333 (Dec. 2, 1992).

The CO improperly denied Employer's timely extension request wherein employer sought additional time to readvertise the position and conduct recruitment in compliance with the NOF. Remanding the case, the panel concluded that "fairness demands that the CO should have granted the Employer's alternative request to readvertise when he rejected the Employer's argument that the original ad placement was sufficient." Rosario Villalobos , 91-INA-387 (Dec. 16, 1992). But see Elliot & Frada Pasik , 93-INA-38 (Mar. 21, 1994)(employer's statement in rebuttal that it would only cure advertisement when directed to by BALCA not offer to cure and certification properly denied). See also Commerce Truck Stop , 95-INA-26 (July 12, 1995) (noting that the CO must take into accounts the facts and explanations of the parties).

2. Notice of ongoing effort

no new cases

C. Failure to request extension or give notice of need for additional time

Employer applied for certification for the position of Mechanical Engineer and required a Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering plus 2 years of experience in the job offered. The CO denied certification on the basis that the Master's Degree was unduly restrictive. The Employer filed a motion for reconsideration attached to which was a statement by a professor opining that applicants should have the Masters Degree for consideration. The Employer had informed the CO in the rebuttal that the letter would be submitted "shortly" The CO denied the motion. On appeal, the Board declined to consider the letter submitted by the professor. Citing Dr. & Mrs. Craig Fabrikant , 91-INA-305 (Dec. 20, 1993), the Board reasoned that the "Employer's statement in rebuttal that it would `forward the opinion very shortly' is not equivalent to an extension of time to file a complete rebuttal." Here, the Board noted that Employer could have asked for an extension of time. Given this failure, and given the CO's failure to consider the statement, the Board reasoned that considering the evidence would be improper. Sidhu Assoc., Inc. , 95-INA-182 (Jan. 2, 1997).

D. Determination of status of extension request; informal grant of extension

Employer's reliance on an outstanding request for extension request does not qualify as a sufficient reason for failure to file a timely rebuttal and does not rise to manifest injustice standard under Madeleine Bloom . David Gibbs Unger , 94-INA-34 (Sep. 29, 1994).

Denial of certification based on failure to timely rebut affirmed where employer had requested a 90 day extension, the CO only granted a 35 day extension, but Employer claimed that he never the CO's letter granting a shorter extension. The burden is on Employer to determine the status of outstanding requests for extension of time. Augusto del Rio , 94-INA- 177 (May 4, 1995). See also Clinica Dental , 94-INA-481 (May 8, 1995).