Table of Employment / Age Certification Issuance Practice Under State Child Labor Laws January 1, 2005

**Type of Certificate Issued¹**
State	Minors	Labor Department	School	Minors	Labor Department	School
Employment Certificate				Age Certification
Issued by:				Issued by:
State	For minors of age indicated ²	Labor Dept	School	For minors of age indicated²	Labor Dept	School
Alabama	Under 18 (M) 18 in mines		X	Not issued
Alaska	Under 17 Under 19 if employer licensed to sell alcohol (M)	X³		Not issued
Arizona	Not issued			Not issued
Arkansas	Under 16 (M)	X		16 and 17 (P)	X
California	Under 18 for minors enrolled in school (M)		X	Not issued
Colorado	Under 16 during school hours (M)		X	Under 18 except not issued to minors under 16 during school hours (R)		X
Connecticut	Under 16 (M)		X	16 and 17 (M)		X
Delaware	Under 18 (M)	X	X	No provision
Dist of Columbia	Under 18 (M)		X	No provision
Florida	No provision			Under 18 (R)⁴		X
Georgia	Under 18 (M)		X	No provision
Guam	Under 16 (M)	X		Not issued
Hawaii	Under 16 (M)	X		16 and 17 (M)	X
Idaho	Not issued			Not issued
Illinois	Under 16 (M)		X	16 to 20 (R)		X
Indiana	Under 18 (M)		X	18 to 21 (R)		X
Iowa	Under 16 (M)	⁵	X	16 and 17 (M) 18 and over (R)	⁵	X
Kansas	Under 16 and not enrolled in secondary school			Not issued
Kentucky	Not issued			Under 18 (R)⁶		X
Louisiana	Under 18 (M)		X	No provision
Maine	Under 16 (M)	X		16 and 17 (R)	X
Maryland	Under 18 (M)	X	X	No provision		X
Massachusetts	Under 16 (M)		X	16 and 17 (M)
Michigan	Under 18 (M)		X	No provision
Minnesota	Under 16 during school hours (M)		X	Under 18, except not issued to minors under 16 during school hours (R)⁷		x
Mississippi	Under 16 in mills, canneries, workshops, factories (M)		X	Not issued
Missouri	Under 16 (M)		X	16 and over (R)		X
Montana	Not issued ⁸			16 and over: in hazardous occupations (M); in other occupations (R)	X
Nebraska	Under 16 (M)		X	16 and over (R)		X
Nevada	Under 14 (M)⁹			Not issued
New Hampshire	Under 16 (M)¹⁰	X		Not issued
New Jersey	Under 18 (M)		X	18 to 21 (R)		X
New Mexico	Under 16 (M)	X	X	16 and 17 (P)	X	X
New York	Under 18 (M)	X – for child performers	X	18 and over (P)		X
North Carolina	Under 18 (M)	X	¹¹	No provision
North Dakota	Under 16 (M)	X		16 and over (P)	X
Ohio	Under 16 at any time, and 16 and 17 during school term (M)		X	Not issued ¹²
Oklahoma	Under 16 (M)		X	16 and 17 (P)		X
Oregon	Not issued ¹³			No provision
Pennsylvania	Under 18 (M)		X	No provision
Puerto Rico	Under 18 (M)	X		18 to 21 (R)	X
Rhode Island	Under 16 (M)		X	16 and 17 (M)		X
South Carolina	No provision			Under 18 (R)	X ¹⁴
South Dakota	Not issued			Not issued
Tennessee	Not issued ¹⁵			Not issued ¹⁵
Texas	No provision			Under 18 (R)	X
Utah	No provision			Under 18 (R)		X
Vermont	Under 16 during school hours (M)	X		Not issued
Virgin Islands	Under 18 (P)	X		No provision
Virginia	Under 16 (M)		X	16 and 17 (R)		X
Washington	Under 18 (M)	X		No provision
West Virginia	Under 16 (M)		X	16 and 17 (R)		X
Wisconsin	Under 18 (M)	X through permit officers ¹⁶		18 and over (R)	X through permit officers ¹⁶
Wyoming	Not issued ¹⁷			Not issued

Footnotes:

¹ Table includes both the general certification procedure required by law and those used in practice. Table does not include exceptions to the general procedures; nor does it identify certificates that may be required for employment in street trades, entertainment, or other work for which a special permit may be required.

² Under the columns “For minors of age indicated” an entry of M denotes “mandated,” i.e, the requirement is mandated under State law; R denotes on “Request,” i.e., the certificate is not required under State law, but the law directs an administrative agency to issue the certificate on request; “ denotes “Practice,” i.e., the law makes no requirement, but the State issues the certificate on request.

³Alaska. In addition to individual certificates, employers may obtain advance approval for a specific job consisting of listed duties permitting them to hire minors, of at least 14 years of age, without prior individual approval.

⁴Florida. Employment or age certificates are not required. However, employers of any minor must obtain and keep on record proof of the child’s age. An age certificate issued by the district school board is one method of meeting the proof of age requirement.

⁵Iowa. Employment and age certificates are issued by both the Division of Job Service of the Department of Employment Services and the schools.

⁶ Kentucky. Employers of children under age 18 must maintain a proof of age.

⁷Minnesota. Age certificates are not required. However, employers of any minor must obtain and keep on record proof of the child’s age. Age certificates satisfy this requirement as do copies of birth certificates, driver’s licenses, and U.S. Department of Justice Immigration and Naturalization Service Employment Eligibility Verification Form I-9.

⁸Montana. No certificate is required at any age in non-hazardous employment. Since minors under 16 may not work in hazardous employment, certificates for this age category are not deemed necessary.

⁹ Nevada. Only certificates issued are those for minors under age 14 with written permission of district judge.

¹⁰ New Hampshire. Work certificates are not required for 16 – and 17 – year olds. Instead, employers must maintain on file a signed, written document from the youth’s parent or legal guardian authorizing the employment. The Department of Safety may issue age certificates to 16 – and 17 – year olds.

¹¹ North Carolina. Employment certificates are issued by the Department of Labor or the County Director of Social Services.

¹²Ohio. Age certificates are not issued, but proof of age is required for minors 16 and 17 years of age for employment during school vacation. With the approval of the Superintendent of Schools of the district where they live, 16 and 17 year old minors are not required to provide a certificate to be employed at a seasonal amusement or recreational establishment.

¹³ Oregon. Minors age 14 – 17 are not required to obtain work permits. Instead, employers are required to apply for annual certificates to employ these minors.

¹⁴ South Carolina. The State Department of Labor issues Federal age certificates upon request for minors under age 18.

¹⁵ Tennessee. No certificates are issued. However, employers of minors under age 18 must obtain and keep on file proof of the minor’s age. A birth certificate, passport, driver’s license, State issued identification, or parent’s oath as to the minor’s age are acceptable proofs of age under the child labor law.

¹⁶ Wisconsin. Certificates are issued by volunteer permit officers who are representatives of the Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations. Many of the permit officers are school officials, but other public employees such as municipal and county employees and court officials are also included.

¹⁷ Wyoming. Employers of children under age 16 must maintain a proof of age.

Note: N/A indicates “not applicable.” “No provision” as an entry under either employment or age certificate indicates that the issuance of such a certificate is unnecessary because another type of certificate covers all minors.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Division of External Affairs
Wage and Hour Division
Employment Standards Administration

This document was last revised in December 2004; unless otherwise stated, the information reflects requirements that were in effect, or would take effect, as of January 1, 2005.