- Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB): carries out the international responsibilities of the Department of Labor
- Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS): statistics on the labor force, prices and living conditions, compensation and working conditions, and productivity and technology
- Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA): protects the integrity of pensions, health plans, and other employee benefits for more than 150 million people
- Employment and Training Administration (ETA): provides job training, employment services, labor market information, and temporary wage replacement
- Job Corps: a no-cost education and vocational training program administered by the Department of Labor's ETA that helps young people ages 16 through 24 get a better job, make more money, and take control of their lives
- Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA): develops and enforces safety and health rules applying to all U.S. mines, helps mine operators who have special compliance issues, and makes available technical, educational, and other types of assistance
- Office of the Administrative Law Judges (OALJ): is the trial court for many of the Department of Labor's programs
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration and Management (OASAM): provides the infrastructure and support that enables DOL to perform its mission. OASAM provides leadership and support for Departmental business operations and procurement, budget, and finance; information technology; human resources and civil rights; security and emergency management; and strategic planning
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy (OASP): OASP works to help develop policies that improve the lives of workers, retirees and their families
- Office of the Chief Financial Officer (OCFO): OCFO stewards a number of programs and initiatives as part of its core mission of providing responsible and accountable financial management for DOL
- Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs (OCIA): OCIA is the Department's liaison to Congress and other governmental entities. In this capacity OCIA's main responsibility is communicating the Department's priorities and policies
- Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP): provides national leadership by developing and influencing disability employment-related policies and practices affecting an increase in the employment of people with disabilities
- Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP): ensures equal employment opportunities for employees of Federal contractors
- Office of Labor-Management Standards (OLMS): promotes internal union democracy and financial integrity and protects certain rights of union members
- Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP): administers four disability compensation programs providing wage replacement benefits, medical treatment, and other benefits to certain workers or their dependents who experience work-related injury or occupational disease
- Office of Inspector General (OIG): conducts audits and investigations of departmental programs and combats labor racketeering in unions
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): protects the health and safety of workers
- Office of the Solicitor (SOL): provides legal services for the Department of Labor
- Veterans' Employment and Training Service (VETS): provides veterans and transitioning service members with the resources and services to succeed in the workplace and protects service members' employment and reemployment rights
- Wage and Hour Division (WHD): administers the wage, hour and child labor provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act and programs covering prevailing wages for government contracts and farm labor, family and medical leave, immigration and polygraph testing
- Women's Bureau (WB): serves and promotes the interests of women in the labor force