The Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 was the first major overhaul of the nation's workforce development system in more than 15 years. Among other things, the legislation expanded opportunity for public and private entities to deliver employment and training services through the public workforce investment system. This study explores local workforce investment system variation and how local boards use non-profit, for-profit, educational, and governmental agencies to deliver WIA services. Study findings are based on case studies of sixteen local boards across eight states conducted between December 2001 and September 2002.