This paper explores ideas for future research on application or user fees in programs administered by the Employment and Training Administration (in the U.S. Department of Labor). The paper briefly reviews federal law and regulations, related research studies, and key factors that can be used to guide possible research. The paper focuses on research related to use of fees with employers who, under title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, can be charged fees at the local level for certain customized services (such as for recruitment events and human resource consultation services). Possible research studies identified in the paper include: 1) a descriptive study of current use of fees by local programs (as well as of comparable commercial services to which employers have access); 2) a pilot or demonstration to test use of fees for employers in different circumstances and different types of services, and 3) a feasibility study on use of more rigorous methods (such as a randomized controlled trial or a quasi-experimental design) to test use of fees with employers.